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Key Ireland terms
View full glossaryCorporation Tax (Ireland)
Corporation Tax is the tax Irish-resident companies pay on their profits. Trading income is taxed at 12.5%, while non-trading (passive) income is taxed at 25%. Large multinationals within the OECD Pillar Two scope pay a minimum effective rate of 15%.
VAT (Ireland)
Value Added Tax in Ireland is charged on most goods and services. The standard rate is 23%, with reduced rates of 13.5% (hospitality, construction services), 9% (newspapers, certain e-publications), and 4.8% (livestock). Zero-rated supplies include most food, children's clothing and books.
PAYE (Ireland)
Pay As You Earn is the system Irish employers use to deduct income tax, PRSI and USC from employee wages and pay them to Revenue in real time. Since 2019, Ireland has operated under PAYE Modernisation, requiring employers to report payroll on or before each pay date.
PRSI (Ireland)
Pay Related Social Insurance funds Ireland's Social Insurance Fund. Most employees pay Class A1 PRSI at 4.1% (rising to higher rates over time), and employers pay 11.05% on weekly pay above €441, or 8.9% below. Self-employed people typically pay Class S at 4.1%.
USC (Universal Social Charge)
The Universal Social Charge is an Irish tax on gross income (with limited exemptions). Rates are banded: 0.5% on the first €12,012, 2% to €25,760, 3% to €70,044, and 8% above. Self-employed people earning over €100,000 pay an extra 3% surcharge.
Limited Company (Ireland)
An Irish private limited company (Ltd, formerly LTD or Limited By Shares) is the most common business entity in Ireland. It is a separate legal entity from its owners, with limited liability, and is governed by the Companies Act 2014. Companies must have at least one EEA-resident director or hold a Section 137 bond.
Can I claim it? Ireland expenses
All expensesHome Office
YesYes — Irish Ltd company directors can claim a reasonable proportion of home utilities (light, heat, broadband) where they work from home, plus Revenue's e-Working allowance of €3.20 per day for employees.
Mileage / Motor Expenses
YesYes — Irish employers can pay employees Civil Service mileage rates tax-free for business journeys. Sole traders and companies can also claim actual motor running costs apportioned for business use.
Subsistence (Meals & Accommodation)
YesYes — Civil Service subsistence rates can be paid tax-free to employees on business travel. Otherwise, claim actual receipted costs for meals and accommodation while away from the normal workplace.
Client Entertainment
NoNo — entertainment of clients (meals, drinks, hospitality) is specifically disallowed for Irish Corporation Tax under Section 840 TCA 1997, even if business is discussed.
Professional Fees (Accountants, Solicitors)
YesYes — fees paid to accountants, solicitors, tax advisors and other professionals for the trade are deductible against Corporation Tax. Capital legal fees (e.g. share issue) are not deductible.
Software Subscriptions
YesYes — software-as-a-service subscriptions used in the business (accounting software, design tools, CRM, hosting) are fully deductible against Corporation Tax.
Ireland tax deadlines
All deadlinesForm CT1 — Corporation Tax Return
Annual Corporation Tax return for Irish companies, filed via ROS within 9 months of accounting period end (specifically the 23rd of the ninth month for ROS filers).
Form B1 — Annual Return (CRO)
Annual return filed with the Companies Registration Office confirming company details and accompanied by financial statements. Mandatory for every Irish company regardless of trading activity.
VAT Bi-Monthly Return
Standard VAT return covering 2-month periods (Jan-Feb, Mar-Apr, May-Jun, etc.), filed via ROS by the 19th (or 23rd ROS) of the month following the period end.
Preliminary Tax (Companies)
Advance Corporation Tax payment due one month before company year-end (specifically the 23rd of that month for ROS users). 90% of current year liability or 100% of prior year for small companies.
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