Bulgaria Accounting & Tax Glossary

An AD (Акционерно дружество) is a Bulgarian joint-stock company. Minimum share capital BGN 50,000 (€25,565). Used for larger businesses, those wishing to issue shares publicly, or those with multiple investors requiring share-class flexibility. Equivalent to a UK PLC or Irish PLC.

Bulgarian companies must prepare annual financial statements under Bulgarian Accounting Standards (or IFRS for larger entities) and file them with the Trade Register by 30 September following the financial year-end.

An EOOD (Еднолично ограничена отговорност дружество) is a single-shareholder Bulgarian limited liability company. Minimum share capital BGN 2. Used by solo founders. The 'Е' (E) prefix denotes 'едно' (single). Same tax and compliance regime as OOD.

An OOD (Ограничена отговорност дружество) is a Bulgarian limited liability company with two or more shareholders. Minimum share capital BGN 2 (€1). Owners are not personally liable for company debts beyond their share capital. Most common entity type for SMEs in Bulgaria.

The Bulgarian Trade Register is the public registry of companies and traders, maintained by the Registry Agency (BRRA). All Bulgarian companies must register, file annual financial statements, and update beneficial ownership information.

Bulgarian companies pay Corporate Income Tax in quarterly advance instalments based on prior-year profit. Due dates: 15 April, 15 July, 15 October, 15 December. Final balance reconciles in the annual CT return by 31 March.

Bulgarian Corporate Income Tax is a flat 10% on company profits — the lowest in the European Union (tied with Hungary at 9%). Applied uniformly to all Bulgarian-resident companies regardless of size. Filed annually via Form 1010A with the National Revenue Agency (NRA).

Bulgarian Personal Income Tax is a flat 10% on most income (employment, freelance, business). One of the lowest rates in the EU. Dividend income from a Bulgarian company is taxed at a reduced 5% withholding tax.

Bulgarian VAT is a 20% standard rate (with a 9% reduced rate on books, baby food and tourism services). Mandatory registration at BGN 100,000 (€51,000) annual turnover. Returns filed monthly via the NRA portal, due by the 14th of the following month.

Bulgarian social insurance covers pensions, healthcare, unemployment, and sickness. Total contributions are approximately 32–33% of gross salary, split between employer (~19%) and employee (~14%). Contributions are subject to a maximum monthly insurable income (BGN 3,750 in 2024).