Licence vs Assignment of IP

Last updated: February 2025

Quick Comparison

AspectLicenceAssignment
OwnershipRemains with the licensorTransfers to the assignee
DurationTypically time-limited per the agreementPermanent unless conditions apply
Revenue modelOngoing royalties or licence feesUsually a one-off payment
ControlLicensor retains control over how IP is usedAssignee has full control
FormalityCan be informal for some IP typesMust be in writing and signed under UK law for key IP rights

What Is a Licence?

A permission granted by the IP owner allowing another party to use the intellectual property under specified conditions, while ownership remains with the licensor.

Key Features

  • Ownership stays with the licensor
  • Can be exclusive, sole, or non-exclusive
  • Typically time-limited and subject to conditions
  • Licensor can grant multiple licences to different parties

Best For

  • Generating recurring revenue from IP without losing ownership
  • Allowing partners or distributors to use your brand
  • Software distribution and SaaS models

What Is a Assignment?

A transfer of ownership of intellectual property from one party (assignor) to another (assignee), giving the assignee full rights to the IP.

Key Features

  • Full ownership transfers to the assignee
  • Must be in writing and signed for copyright, patents, and trademarks
  • Assignee gains all rights to exploit, license, and enforce
  • Can be partial (e.g., for a specific territory or field of use)

Best For

  • Selling IP outright for a lump sum
  • Transferring IP created by contractors or employees to the business
  • M&A transactions where IP needs to change hands

When to Use a Licence

Use a licence when you want to retain ownership of your IP and generate ongoing income. This is ideal for software, brands, patents, and creative works where you want to control how the IP is used.

When to Use a Assignment

Use an assignment when you want to transfer full ownership permanently. This is common when a business acquires IP from a contractor, in M&A deals, or when monetising IP that is no longer core to your business.

Which Does Your Business Need?

If you want ongoing control and recurring revenue, licence your IP. If you want a clean transfer of ownership, assign it. In contractor relationships, always include a clear IP assignment clause to ensure the business owns what it has paid for.

FAQ

Does IP created by a contractor automatically belong to the hiring business?

No. Under UK law, the default position is that the creator owns the IP they create, even if paid to create it. Only employees create IP that automatically belongs to the employer (for copyright and patents made in the course of employment). For contractors, you need an express written assignment.

What is the difference between an exclusive licence and an assignment?

An exclusive licence gives the licensee sole rights to use the IP (even excluding the owner) but ownership remains with the licensor. An assignment transfers ownership entirely. An exclusive licensee under UK law can sue for infringement in their own name.

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This is guidance for UK businesses, not legal advice. Consult a solicitor for complex matters.

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