# What is Tax Residency Certificate?

A tax residency certificate is an official document proving you are tax resident in a country. In the UK it is called a certificate of residence, issued by HMRC, and is used to claim relief under a double taxation treaty abroad.

## Example

A UK company is paid royalties by a customer in another country. The foreign tax authority asks for proof of UK residence, so the company applies to HMRC for a certificate of residence to reduce the withholding tax.

## Key dates

Apply before the foreign payer's deadline, as HMRC needs time to issue it

## How Tax Residency Certificate works in practice

A tax residency certificate is an official statement from a tax authority that a person or company is resident in that country for tax purposes. Foreign tax authorities and payers ask for it when you are paid from abroad and want to claim a reduced rate of withholding tax under a double taxation treaty between the two countries.

In the UK, the document is known as a certificate of residence. HMRC issues it. Both individuals and companies can apply. It confirms that you are resident in the UK for tax purposes for a stated period, usually a tax year or an accounting period. It is the evidence the foreign authority needs before it applies the lower treaty rate.

To apply, you submit a request to HMRC, either online or by post, using the process described on gov.uk. You will need to say which country you need the certificate for, which tax year or period it covers and the type of income. HMRC then checks your residence status. Individuals generally need to show they are UK resident under the statutory residence test, and companies need to be UK resident for tax.

The certificate is not automatic and it does not guarantee relief. The foreign country decides whether to apply the treaty. Applying early matters, because processing can take several weeks and the foreign payer may deduct tax at the full rate in the meantime.

## Step by step

First check whether a double taxation treaty exists between the UK and the other country and what relief it offers. Then ask the foreign payer what they need, since some accept a form from their own tax authority along with HMRC's certificate.

Next, apply to HMRC through the certificate of residence process. Provide your tax reference, the period you need covered and the foreign country's details. HMRC issues the certificate or a stamped form once your residence is confirmed.

Send the certificate to the foreign payer or tax authority. Keep a copy, because many countries want a fresh certificate each year.

## Practical tips

- Apply well before the foreign payment is due
- Ask the foreign payer exactly what form or evidence they want
- Keep your HMRC tax references to hand when applying
- Diary a yearly reminder if the payments are ongoing

## Common mistakes to avoid

- Waiting until tax has been withheld at the full rate before asking for a certificate
- Asking for a certificate for the wrong period or the wrong country
- Assuming the certificate itself reduces the tax, when the foreign authority decides
- Forgetting to renew the certificate each year for ongoing payments

## Frequently asked questions

### What is a certificate of residence in the UK?

It is HMRC's version of a tax residency certificate. It confirms you are UK tax resident for a given period and is used to claim treaty relief abroad.

### Who can apply for a UK certificate of residence?

Individuals and companies that are UK resident for tax purposes can apply to HMRC.

### How do I apply?

Apply to HMRC using the certificate of residence process on gov.uk, online or by post. Say which country and period you need it for.

### Does the certificate stop foreign tax being deducted?

Not by itself. It is evidence for the foreign authority, which decides whether to apply the lower treaty rate.

Source: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/get-a-certificate-of-residence

## Related terms

- [Corporation Tax](https://accounts-os.com/glossary/corporation-tax)
- [Income Tax](https://accounts-os.com/glossary/income-tax)
- [Limited Company](https://accounts-os.com/glossary/limited-company)